States of Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

 ATOMS:

I.                     All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. Remember from the Power Point that atoms are made up of protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) in the nucleus and electrons (negative) moving around this nucleus. Atoms come together to make larger particles called molecules.

II.                   These atoms attract each other. The greater the attraction the closer the atoms get to each other.

III.                 These atoms are always moving in some way (even in solids).

IV.                 Temperature is related to this movement of the atoms. The greater the temperature the more the atoms are moving. The colder the less the atoms are moving.

V.                   The state of a substance is directly related to how fast the atoms are moving and how attracted the atoms are to each other.

VI.                 Solids, liquids and gases are three states of matter.

a.        Solids:

                                                               i.      Atoms have some kinetic energy so atoms vibrate in place

                                                              ii.      Vibration is not strong enough to overcome the force of attraction between the atoms so they get locked in place. So………

                                                            iii.      Solids keep their shape and volume. Example: A rock in a bowl doesn’t change shape or volume.

b.       Liquids:

                                                               i.      Atoms have more kinetic energy so atoms move around faster

                                                              ii.      Because atoms of liquids have more energy some of the atoms are able to overcome the forces of attraction between each other and can move around more freely, that is why it flows more easily. So…

                                                            iii.      Liquids take on the shape of  their container Example: water in a bowl takes on the shape of the bowl, if it is then poured into a cup, it will take on the shape of the cup

                                                            iv.      Keeps the same volume whether it’s in a container or not

                                                             v.      It can flow

c.        Gas:

                                                               i.      Atoms have lots of kinetic energy so moving fast

                                                              ii.      Atoms moving so fast they can break the forces of attraction between them and separate from each other SO…

                                                            iii.      Gases take on the shape and volume of container.

                                                            iv.      It can flow